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| Biological
Response to Nuclear Radiation * o |
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| Estimated
Dose Range (rad) |
Initial
Symptoms |
Onset
of Symptoms |
Incapacitation |
Hospitalization |
Final
disposition |
| 0-70 | None to slight incidence of transient headache and nausea. Vomiting in up to 5% of exposed individuals in upper part of dose range. |
Within 6 hours. | None. | None. | Able. |
| 70-150 | Transient mild headache and nausea. Vomiting in up to50% of individuals. |
Approximately 3 to 6 hours after exposure. |
None to slight decrease in ability to conduct normal routine in up to 25% of individuals. Up to 5% of individuals may become ineffective. |
Eventual hospitalization (20 to 30 days in upper part of dose range) required for less than 5% in upper part of dose range. |
No deaths anticipated. |
| 150-450 | Headaches, nausea and fatigue. Slight incidence of diarrhea. More than 50% of individuals vomit. |
Within 3 hours after exposure |
Can perform routine tasks. Performance of complex tasks may be hampered. More than 5% of individuals expected to become ineffective increasing with increasing dose. |
Hospitalization (30 to 90 days) indicated for those in the upper dose range following a latent period of 10 to 30 days. |
Some deaths anticipated; probably less that 5% at lower part of dose range, increasing to 50% toward upper end; efficacy questionable in upper dose range. |
| 450-800 | Severe nausea and vomiting. Diarrhea. Fever early in upper part of dose range. |
Within one hour after exposure. |
Can perform simple tasks. Significant reduction of effectiveness in upper part of dose range. Lasts more than 24 hours. |
Hospitalization (90 to 120 days for those
surviving indicated for 100% of exposed individuals. Latent period 7 to 20 days. |
Approx. 50% deaths at lower part of dose range, increasing toward upper end; all deaths occurring within 45 days |
| 80-3,000 | Severe and prolonged vomiting, diarrhea and fever. |
Approx. 1/2 to 1 hour after exposure. |
Significant reduction for physical tasks. In the upper part of the dose range, some will undergo a transient period of effectiveness followed by capability for some response until end of latent period. |
Hospitalization indicated for 100% of exposed individuals. Latent period of less than 7 days. |
100% deaths occurring within 14 days. |
| 3,000-8,000 | Severe and prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, fever and prostration. Convulsions may occur at higher doses. |
Within 5 minutes after exposure. |
Will become completely incapacitated after 5 minutes and will remain so for 30 to 45 minutes. Will then recover but will be functionally impaired until death. |
Hospitalization indicated for 100% of exposed individuals. Latent period of 1 or 2 days. |
100% deaths occurring within 5 days. |
| 8,000-18,000 | Severe and prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, fever and prostration. Convulsions may occur at higher doses. |
Within 5 minutes after exposure. |
Will become completely and permanently incapacitated for performing physical demanding tasks within 5 minutes. |
Hospitalization indicated for 100% of exposed individuals. No latent period. |
100% deaths occurring within 2 days. |
| Greater than 18,000 |
Convulsions and prostration. | Within 5 minutes after exposure. |
Will become completely and permanently incapacitated for performing any task within 5 minutes. |
Hospitalization indicated for 100% of exposed individuals. No latent period. |
100% deaths occurring within 15 hours. |
| * - Adapted from: Radiological Monograms - Command and Staff Department - US Armor School - Fort Knox - Kentucky. | |||||
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